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UK A Level Biology · independent study · myAudience
Independent myAudience subject study using references for England. Published readings cover selected topics; full curriculum, assessment and practical coverage are not verified. No awarding-body affiliation, endorsement, qualification or grade guarantee is offered. Check the source specification and your centre for the requirements of your chosen course.
Building and breaking biological chains
Why carbohydrate structure matters
Two lipid structures, different jobs
From amino-acid sequence to protein shape
Enzymes change reaction rates
Reading DNA and RNA structures
Copying DNA with templates
ATP couples cellular reactions
Water makes a biological environment
Ions have specific cellular roles
Cell compartments divide the work
Bacteria are cells; viruses are particles
Microscopes reveal different kinds of detail
Making cells without changing the chromosome count
Membranes control traffic
Recognition, defence and immune memory
Size changes the exchange problem
Keeping respiratory gases moving
Digestion prepares molecules for absorption
Blood transport links distant tissues
Plants move water and assimilates differently
Genes are instructions within organised DNA
From DNA instructions to a protein
Why offspring inherit different combinations
Selection changes populations over generations
Classification is a testable account of relationships
Biodiversity includes abundance as well as richness
Compare variation with fair sampling
Photosynthesis links light reactions to carbon fixation
Respiration transfers energy through linked reactions
Energy budgets explain trophic transfer
Microorganisms help recycle nutrients
Responses connect a stimulus to survival
Receptors convert changes into signals
The heart has a rhythm that can be adjusted
An action potential is a travelling membrane change
Synapses transform one signal into another
Muscles contract by sliding filaments
Negative feedback stabilises internal conditions
Hormones coordinate blood-glucose regulation
Kidneys balance water and dissolved substances
Inheritance models predict probabilities
Allele frequencies describe populations
Reproductive isolation can lead to speciation
Populations change within interacting habitats
Mutations have different consequences
Stem-cell potential changes during differentiation
Gene expression is controlled at several stages
Disrupted growth regulation can contribute to cancer
A genome sequence is a starting point
Recombinant DNA combines biological instructions
DNA probes detect complementary sequences
DNA profiles compare variable regions
Distinguishing initial rate from average rate
Using a mitotic index with clear counting rules
Estimating tissue water potential from calibration data
Interpreting pigment leakage through membranes
Connecting observed organ structure with function
Separating antimicrobial effect from diffusion
Comparing pigments with chromatography
Using an indicator to compare chloroplast activity
Defining what a respiration assay measures
Interpreting an animal movement comparison
Reading a glucose calibration with dilution
Relating species distribution to a measured gradient